Dear SMHG Director, Officer and/or Employee:
Honesty and fairness are important concerns in
any business transaction. Recognizing
this, the Board of Directors has adopted a Business Ethics Policy. This policy has not been approved because of
any perceived unethical conduct, but rather because the pace and complexity of
modern business activity frequently make it difficult to judge how our company
would expect us to respond to a given situation.
The Board believes that ethical business is
good business from both moral and practical standpoints. The trust and respect of all people — fellow
workers, customers, suppliers, competitors and the general public — are assets
which cannot be purchased; they can only be earned. Therefore, it is the policy of Sanders Morris
Harris Group Inc. (“SMHG”) that all its business be conducted according to the
highest ethical and legal standards.
It is impractical to list all unethical
business practices or all potential conflicts of interest that a director,
officer or employee may encounter. This
statement is intended to provide solid guidelines for the conduct of SMHG
business. In the end, we must rely on
our individual conscience and careful regard for compliance with the law as a
measure of our compliance with the SMHG policy.
I urge each of you to read and to become
familiar with the accompanying Business Ethics Policy. Your Board wishes to thank each of you for
your assistance and for your continuing observance of SMHG’s high standards.
Sincerely,
Ben
T. Morris,
Chief
Executive Officer
BUSINESS ETHICS POLICY
This Business Ethics Policy sets forth the
basic principles and guidelines of business ethics for employees of Sanders
Morris Harris Group Inc. (“SMHG” or the “Company”). In addition to strict compliance with legal
requirements, including but not limited to, applicable governmental laws, rules
and regulations, all employees are expected to be guided by basic principles of
honesty and fairness in the conduct of the Company’s affairs and to comply with
the principles and guidelines contained in this Policy. Each executive officer has the responsibility
to advise the employees under his supervision of applicable portions of this
Policy and their duties thereunder. For
the purpose of this Policy an “employee” shall include a director or officer of
the Company.
Business and Accounting Principles
1.
The employees and agents of the Company shall comply
with all applicable legal requirements and the highest standard of business,
professional and personal ethics.
2.
All employees and agents shall exercise reasonable care
in protecting and conserving the Company’s assets, including information which
the Company regards as confidential or has agreed to maintain confidential.
3.
The use of assets of the Company for any unlawful or
improper purpose is strictly prohibited.
4.
The books and records of the Company shall be
maintained and its financial statements shall be prepared in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles.
5.
Disclosure in reports and documents that the Company
files with, or submits to, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission
and in other public communications made by the Company shall be full, fair,
accurate and timely.
6.
Employees must comply with established Company policies
and internal controls at all times.
7.
The establishment or maintenance of undisclosed or
unrecorded funds or assets of the Company is strictly prohibited.
8.
No false or misleading entries shall be made in the
books and records of the Company for any reason.
9.
No payment on behalf of the Company shall be approved
without adequate supporting documentation, nor shall any payment be made with
the intention or understanding that any part of such payment will be used for
any purpose other than that described by the documents supporting the
payment.
Conflict of Interest
1.
The Company requires that each employee work for
the Company with undivided loyalty. To
fulfill this loyalty obligation, all employees should conduct themselves in all
transactions and activities so as to serve the best interest and needs of the
Company. With this in mind, each
employee is expected to avoid potential conflict of interest situations and to
report such situations immediately.
2.
A potential conflict of interest may exist
whenever an employee enters into a transaction or activity, directly or
indirectly, with the Company or with a customer, supplier, competitor of the
Company or with any other person or business, when the transaction or
activity:
a.
Might reasonably affect or create the appearance
of affecting the employee’s judgment or decisions exercised on behalf of the
Company; and/or
b.
Might cause a negative public perception of the
Company.
1.
Employees shall not engage in any of the
following activities, interests and transactions, all of which are inconsistent
with the best interest of the Company:
a.
No employee shall enter into or maintain any
formal or informal employment relationship or any other relations involving the
receipt of wages, salaries, fees or other compensation with a business entity
which is currently competing with the Company or could compete with the Company
in the future. For the purpose of this
Policy, “competing with the Company” shall mean engaging in the same type of
business activity as that of the Company.
For the purpose of this Policy, a “business entity” shall include any
supplier, competitor, customer, person, partnership, corporation or business
enterprise and shall include any director, officer, employee, agent or
representative of any such entities.
b.
No employee shall purchase the stock of or
acquire any similar interest in any business entity which competes with the
Company. Any employee may, however,
purchase shares of the publicly-traded capital stock of a competing company,
provided that at no time may the employee, members of the employee’s family or
any business entity which the employee controls own more than 1% of the
outstanding shares of any class of security of that public company.
c.
No employee shall receive from any business
entity any financial assistance, loans or advances of money, property,
commissions, fees or compensation of any kind which could be construed as
arising out of, relating to or resulting from, the employee’s participation in
the transaction of business between the Company and such business entity.
d.
No employee shall enter or promise to enter into
any kind of written or verbal agreement with any business entity when such
undertaking is outside the scope of the employee’s duties and authority or is
not made solely and legitimately on behalf of the Company.
e.
No employee shall purchase or sell securities
issued by a business entity if such purchase or sale is based on confidential
information or special knowledge acquired in the conduct of the business of the
Company, or if the purchase or sale is timed in relation to the Company’s
operations in such a way that the employee could be regarded as attempting to
profit by the use of such knowledge.
1.
The following activities, interests and
transactions might involve potential conflict of interest situations. Such transactions and activities are not
definitively improper; rather, their propriety must be determined in light of
the particular facts and circumstances surrounding each case. These interests and transactions shall be
disclosed in writing to and approved in advance by the Chief Executive
Officer or President of SMHG or an officer designated by either of them:
a.
Entering into or maintaining any formal or
informal employment relationship or any other relationship involving the
receipt of wages, salaries, fees or other compensation with a business entity
which is currently, or could in the future, conducting business or contracting
with the Company. For the purpose of
this Policy, “conducting business with the Company” shall mean purchasing, selling,
rendering, furnishing or obtaining data, designs, drawings, parts, components,
machinery, tools, equipment, materials, goods, real estate or services directly
to or from the Company or by or from an employee, agent or representative of
the Company. “Contracting with the
Company” shall mean execution of any contract by or with the Company for the
purpose of conducting business. Such
business activities shall hereinafter be collectively referred to as “doing
business.”
b.
Acquiring or maintaining any interest not
otherwise prohibited by this Policy in any business entity which the employee
knows is doing business or is likely to be doing business with the Company.
i.
The employee need not report any investments in mutual
investment trusts.
ii.
The employee need not report a purchase or acquisition
of any stock or similar interest in a business entity which competes with the
Company if the employee owns less than 1% of any class of securities of that
business entity.
c.
Representing the Company in its dealings with
any business entity in which the employee or a member of his immediate family
has or has had within the past 12 months a financial, stock, or similar
interest in the business entity, and from whom the employee or a member of his
immediate family expects to receive financial or similar gain.
d.
Entering into any outside paid employment and
unpaid services not otherwise prohibited by this Policy, other than services in
connection with charitable, religious, community, professional or similar
projects. If, however, such employment
requires an extended amount of time or energy of the employee which may detract
from the employee’s proper performance of his expected duties, such outside
employment shall be prohibited.
e.
Engaging in any transaction or activity for
personal profit which could be interpreted by the employee, his associates, or
persons outside the Company as conflicting with the interests of the
Company. Using Company facilities,
equipment, materials or supplies for personal profit.
f.
Giving or accepting any substantial gift, favor
or other similar benefit (in excess of $100), subject to the following:
i.
Certain business courtesies, such as payment for a
lunch or dinner or entertainment, would not be a gift within the context of
this Policy. Other business courtesies
must receive prior approval.
ii.
The Company’s relationships with its customers may
present circumstances in which insubstantial gifts or favors are exchanged as
an accepted business practice without the inference of unethical conduct. These will not be considered gifts or favors
for purposes of this Policy.
iii.
The corporate officer who determines the propriety of
gifts, favors or other similar benefits, given or received, must ensure that
such do not exceed prudent and conservative bounds. If authority is delegated to give such
approval, the delegate shall be instructed as to proper circumstances and the
limitations to be imposed.
2.
The foregoing provisions shall apply to all
employees and to their immediate family members and close relatives to the
extent any of the activities, interests, or transactions, if engaged in by a
family members or relatives, might affect the judgment or decision-making of an
employee with respect to the performance of his duties. All such activities, interests or
transactions shall in any event be disclosed and approved pursuant to the
previously discussed disclosure procedure.
3.
Attached as Exhibit A is a form which may
be used to request the approval of the Chief Executive Officer or President of
SMHG of any activity, interest or transaction as provided in this Paragraph C.
Confidential Information
An employee shall not disclose any
confidential information about the Company’s business or technology or that of
its customers or suppliers to any unauthorized person either during or after
termination of employment. An employee
must return any documents or records belonging to the Company after termination
of his employment. Employees must
respect confidential information to which they may have had access as employees
of another company, unless such information is made available with the consent
of the other company or has otherwise become publicly available.
No employee may profit from confidential
information acquired during his employment with the Company which concerns the
Company or its customers or suppliers.
Political Campaign Contributions
Political campaign contributions include
direct expenditures or contributions, in cash or property, to candidates for
nomination or election to public office or to political parties, and indirect
assistance or support, except as may be incidental to the administration of an
authorized Political Action Committee (“PAC”).
1.
Other than through a duly authorized and
established PAC, no funds or assets of the Company shall be used for federal,
state or local political campaign contributions without the prior written
approval of SMHG’s Chief Executive Officer or President or their respective
designees.
2.
All requests for authorization of campaign
contributions shall be in writing, shall set forth the relevant circumstances
of the proposed contributions and shall be forwarded to SMHG’s Chief Executive
Officer, President or their respective designees.
3.
No political campaign contribution, including
contributions made through a PAC, shall be made by the Company, in cash or
otherwise, if the amount or origin of the contribution cannot be readily
established by reference to the Company’s documents and records. All contributions shall be made to the
candidate’s authorized campaign committee, to a political party or to other
recipients who may legally receive such contributions. All of the Company’s political campaign
contributions must comply with reporting requirements and evidence of this
compliance shall be made available to the Chief Executive Officer or President. Each contribution shall be clearly recorded
on the Company’s books as a political campaign contribution or its equivalent
and shall not be deducted for federal, state or local income tax purposes
unless authorized under applicable law.
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, described
below, prohibits contributions to foreign political parties or candidates for
foreign political office, for the purpose of influencing their actions or to
secure, retain or direct business. These
contributions are prohibited even if the contribution is lawful under the laws
of the country in which it is made.
Accordingly, Company policy strictly prohibits any payments of corporate
funds to, or any use of corporate assets for the benefit of, any foreign
government official, political party or candidate for political office.
No political campaign funds shall be
collected by the Company or on its behalf among the Company’s employees without
the prior approval of SMHG’s Chief Executive Officer or President and the prior
authorization of the Board of Directors.
Procedures regarding solicitations, disbursements and administration of
approved and authorized employee political action committees shall be
separately promulgated and disseminated in accordance with the procedures
established by the committee administering the PACs.
The viability of representative government
depends upon the political election process, and the Company encourages its
employees, as individual citizens, to make personal political contributions to
candidates, parties and committees of their choice. Under no circumstances, however, shall any
employee be compensated or reimbursed in any way for any personal political
contribution, or favored or prejudiced in any condition of employment or
promotion as a result of making or failing to make any such contribution. An employee may not engage in personal
political campaign activities on Company time (or cause to be used) Company
facilities, equipment, materials or supplies for such purpose.
Payments to Government Officials or
Employees
No funds or assets of the Company shall be
paid, loaned, given or otherwise transferred, directly or indirectly, to any
federal, state, local or foreign government official or employee, or to any
entity in which such official or employee is known to have a material interest,
except in accordance with the practices and procedures set forth below:
The Company shall enter into no transaction
with any official, employee or entity except for a legitimate business purpose
and upon terms and conditions which are fair and reasonable under the
circumstances.
1.
The Company shall not retain any government
official or employee to perform any consulting or other services within the
scope of his official duties or the duties and responsibilities of the
governmental body of which he is an official or employee.
2.
The Company shall not retain any government
official or employee to perform any legal, consulting or other services except
under written contract which specifies the nature and scope of services to be
rendered and provided that no payment for such services or reimbursement of
expenses shall be made by the Company, except pursuant to a statement of
services so rendered or expenses so incurred.
The above procedures are in addition to any which may otherwise be
required under separate Company policies relating to the retention of
consultants.
The Company’s relations with government
officials and employees shall be conducted in a manner which would not subject
the Company to embarrassment or reproach if publicly disclosed. No gifts of substantial value shall be
offered or made, and no lavish entertainment offered or furnished, to any
government official or employee. Social
amenities, reasonable entertainment or other courtesies may be extended to
government officials or employees only to the extent clearly appropriate under
applicable customs and practices. Any
expenses incurred by a Company employee in connection therewith shall be
specifically designated as such by the employee’s immediate supervisor. These procedures are in addition to any which
may now or hereafter be required under separate Company policies relating to
conflicts of interest.
Foreign Transactions and Payments
All employees and agents must comply with the
ethical standards and applicable legal requirements of the Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act and of each foreign country in which the Company’s business is
conducted.
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act makes it a
criminal offense for a United States company or agent acting on its behalf to
pay anything of value to any foreign government official to influence any
official action in securing, retaining, or directing business. This prohibition applies to bribes, kickbacks
or like payments made directly to such foreign officials and indirectly through
seemingly legitimate payments, such as commissions or consulting fees paid to
overseas agents or representatives.
Because of the broad reach of this statute and its harsh criminal
penalties, each employee should consult with SMHG’s Chief Executive Officer or
President before concluding any transaction which even appears to involve a
foreign payment.
All foreign accounts established and
maintained by the Company shall be identified on the Company’s books and
records. All cash payments received by
the Company from abroad shall be promptly recorded on the Company’s books of
accounts and deposited in an account maintained with a bank or other approved
institution. The Company shall not
maintain funds abroad in the form of negotiable currency, except to the extent
reasonably required for normal business operations.
1.
Each payment by the Company for goods or
services outside the United States shall be supported by documentation
reflecting the purpose and nature of such payment. All payments of fees and commissions to
attorneys, consultants, advisors, agents and representatives shall be made by
check, draft or other documentary transfer drawn to the order of the party duly
entitled thereto and shall be made under written contract, except when such
services are routine in nature and arise out of the Company’s ordinary course
of business. No payment shall be made
directly to an account maintained by a party in a country other than that in
which such party resides or maintains a place of business, or in which the
party has rendered the services for which the payment is made, except under
circumstances giving no reasonable grounds for belief that the Company would
thereby violate any local income tax or exchange control laws.
2.
All payments and billings for equipment, parts
or services outside the United States shall be made in such a manner that
public disclosure of the full details thereof would not impugn or jeopardize
the Company’s integrity or reputation.
United States citizens employed by the Company
abroad shall comply with all applicable tax and currency control laws of their
place of principal employment. No
employee residing abroad shall be paid any portion of his salary elsewhere than
in his country of residence without written approval of SMHG’s Chief Executive
Officer or President.
It is contrary to the Company’s policy for its
employees to engage in or support a restrictive trade practice or boycott
imposed by any foreign country against a country which is friendly to the
United States, such as refusing to do business with or in a boycotted country,
with any business concern organized under the laws of a boycotted country or
with any national or resident of a boycotted country. Further, it is contrary to Company policy for
it or its employees to agree to participate in or cooperate with an
international boycott, including agreeing to (1) refrain from doing business
with or in a boycotted country; (2) refrain from doing business with any United
States individual or company engaged in trade with or in a boycotted country;
(3) refrain from doing business with a company whose ownership or management is
composed (in whole or in part) of individuals of a particular race, nationality
or religion; or (4) refrain from shipping a product on a carrier owned, leased
or operated by a person who does not cooperate or participate in an
international boycott. Any employee
receiving a request to further or support a boycott and any employee asked to
agree to participate in or cooperate with an international boycott should
report the same and consult with SMHG’s Chief Executive Officer or President
before taking any further action.
Monitoring Compliance
1.
It shall be the responsibility of all Company
officers to ensure proper dissemination of and compliance with this Policy.
2.
Each agent, representative, consultant or
advisor engaged by the Company to render services shall be furnished a copy of
this Policy which shall govern such engagement.
3.
Any employee who has questions regarding the
Policy should discuss the matter with SMHG’s Chief Executive Officer or
President. An employee with knowledge of
or reasonable belief of any violation must promptly report such violation to
SMHG’s Chief Executive Officer or President.
If such Chief Executive Officer or President, after reasonable
investigation, determines that a possible violation has occurred, he must
forward a written report to the Chairman of the Board of Directors. Such Chief Executive Officer, President or
their respective designee shall take appropriate disciplinary action, including
dismissal if appropriate, with respect to those employees involved in any
violation. Where the Company has
suffered a loss, it may pursue its remedies against the individuals or entities
responsible. Where laws have been
violated, SMHG will cooperate fully with the appropriate authorities. This Policy does not alter any employee’s
at-will relationship with the Company as described in its Employee
Handbook. Any waivers of this Policy for
a director or executive officer shall be approved by the Board of Directors or
a committee of the Board of Directors and promptly disclosed as provided below.
4.
On an annual basis, all employees shall certify,
on the form attached as Exhibit B hereto, that they have received, read
and understand this Policy and that they have within the current fiscal year
complied and that they will continue to comply with this Policy. The signed forms will be placed in the
employees’ personnel files for permanent reference.
5.
The internal audit group of the Company shall,
as a part of its regular auditing procedures, periodically audit the Company’s
records to determine compliance with the Policy. This group shall report such results in writing
to the Chief Executive Officer, the President and to the Audit Committee of the
Board of Directors.